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Liverpool Football Club History
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In 1891 John Houlding, the leaseholder of Anfield stadium, purchased the ground outright and proposed increasing the rent from £100 to £250 per year.[9] Everton F.C. moved to Goodison Park after a seven year tenancy. Liverpool F.C. were founded by Houlding in 1892 to play in his vacated Anfield.
With an empty ground and just three players remaining, Houlding decided to form his own football club and on 15 March 1892, Liverpool Football Club was formed. The original name was to be Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds, Ltd., or Everton Athletic for short, but was changed to Liverpool F.C. when The Football Association refused to recognise the team as Everton. John McKenna was appointed director and signed thirteen Scottish professionals for the new club.
In their first season Liverpool won the Lancashire League, and they were elected to the Football League Second Division for the 1893–94 season. They ended the season unbeaten as Second Division Champions,[10] and were promoted to the First Division, the highest level of English football. Liverpool won their first Football League championship in 1901, and were champions again in 1906. They played their first FA Cup final in 1914, but lost 1–0 to Burnley.[11]
In 1922 and 1923 Liverpool won their first back-to-back League titles, captained by England full-back Ephraim Longworth.[12] This was then followed by the longest spell without a trophy in the team's history, which only ended when Liverpool won the league once again in 1947. However, Liverpool struggled in the years following this success, and were relegated to the Second Division in 1954, where they suffered their record defeat, 9–1 against Birmingham City in December 1954.
In December 1959, Bill Shankly was appointed manager. Over the next fifteen years he transformed Liverpool into one of the top club sides in Europe.[13] In his first year, he released twenty-four players and reshaped the squad. In 1962, his third season as manager, Liverpool won the Second Division Championship by eight points and were promoted to the top division, where they have remained ever since.
Having started the 1960s in the Second Division, Liverpool would end the decade as a major domestic power. In 1964, Liverpool lifted the League Championship for the first time in seventeen years. Liverpool were League Champions again in 1966, having won their first ever FA Cup in the previous season, beating Leeds United 2-1 in the final. Liverpool won their eighth league title and defeated Borussia Mönchengladbach to win their first European trophy, the UEFA Cup, in 1973. However, a year later, following another FA Cup victory, Shankly retired. His assistant, Bob Paisley, was offered the chance to manage the team.[14]
In 1976, at the end of Paisley's second season in charge, Liverpool became champions, and also won the UEFA Cup. The following year, Liverpool retained their League Championship, lost the FA Cup Final, but won their first European Cup. The final was played in Rome, and Liverpool defeated Borussia Mönchengladbach 3–1. In 1978 Liverpool retained the trophy, beating Club Brugge 1–0 in the final at Wembley, and in 1979 they broke another domestic record by winning the league title with sixty-eight points[15] and only sixteen goals conceded in forty-two matches.[16]
In 1980, Liverpool won the league title for the fourth time in five seasons, and Paisley's third European Cup victory came in 1981 with a 1–0 victory in the final over Real Madrid in Paris. In the following two seasons, Liverpool won a League Championship and League Cup "double" .In the nine seasons Paisley managed the club, Liverpool won a total of twenty-one trophies, including three European Cups, a UEFA Cup, six league titles and three consecutive League Cups. The only domestic trophy to elude him was the FA Cup.
The succession of managers appointed from within the club's staff is worthy of note. These managers are often referred to as "the boot room boys" after a part of Anfield where the Liverpool staff discussed strategy and allegedly stored gin.[17] Just as Shankly had been succeeded by Paisley, so too Paisley handed the reins to his assistant, veteran coach Joe Fagan. He was 63 when he became manager in 1983. In his first season in charge, Liverpool become the first English club to win three major trophies in a single season — the League title, the League Cup and the European Cup.[18] However Fagan's reign ended with tragedy the following season.
In 1985 Liverpool again reached the European Cup final. The match was against Juventus at Heysel Stadium but before kick-off, disaster struck. Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing thirty-nine fans, mostly Italians.[6] This tragedy is known as the Heysel Stadium disaster. The match was played regardless and Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus. English clubs were consequently banned from participating in European competition for five years, with Liverpool receiving a ban for ten years (later reduced to six). Fourteen of their fans received convictions for involuntary manslaughter.
In 1985 Kenny Dalglish became Liverpool's first player-manager.[19] His reign saw the club win another three League Championships and two FA Cups including a league and cup double in 1985–86. However, Liverpool's successes were overshadowed by the Hillsborough disaster. On 15 April 1989, when Liverpool were playing Nottingham Forest in an FA Cup semi–final, hundreds of Liverpool fans were crushed against perimeter fencing.[8] Ninety four fans died that day and a ninety-fifth fan died in hospital from his injuries four days later. A ninety sixth fan died nearly four years later having never regained consciousness.
After the Hillsborough tragedy there was a governmental review of stadium safety. Known as the Taylor Report, it paved the way for legislation requiring all–seater stadiums in the top-flight. The report ruled that the main reasons for the disaster were overcrowding due to a failure of police control.[20][21]
1991 saw Graeme Souness installed as manager. However, apart from an FA Cup win in his first season, his reign was not successful. After a shock exit from the FA Cup at the hands of Bristol City at Anfield, "Boot room" veteran Roy Evans took over. While his tenure saw some improvement in league form, in his five seasons the club never finished higher than third. Evans' only trophy win was the 1995 League Cup. Gérard Houllier, the former French national coach, was drafted into the Liverpool management team for the 1998-99 season to work alongside Roy Evans, but the partnership did not work out and Evans resigned in November 1998.[22]
2000–01 was Liverpool's best season for many years as the team completed a unique treble of the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup.[23] They finished second in 2002, a year in which Houllier suffered heart problems throughout the season and this resulted in him having to miss a match with Leeds and having to undergo major heart surgery.[24] Liverpool looked like becoming a force in English Football once again, but Houllier would only win one more trophy in his time in charge, another League Cup in 2003. Against a background of growing disquiet amongst Liverpool supporters, Houllier and Liverpool parted by mutual consent at the end of the 2003–04 season.[25]
Spaniard Rafael Benítez took over and in his first season Liverpool finished a disappointing fifth in the Premier League. The season had a surprising ending, however, as Liverpool won their fifth European Cup final in Istanbul. The Reds met the heavily favoured Italian club A.C. Milan in an astonishing final. Liverpool trailed 3–0 at half time, but made a dramatic comeback by scoring three goals in a period of only six minutes in the second half, forcing extra time. Liverpool went on to win the penalty shoot-out, with goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek conceding only two of Milan's five penalties.[26]
In 2005–06 Liverpool picked up 82 points in the Premiership, their highest points total in the top-flight since 1988. They ended the season by winning the FA Cup in yet another dramatic final, this time against West Ham. Liverpool trailed 3–2 until Captain Steven Gerrard scored an equalizer from 35–yards out past the helpless goalkeeper Shaka Hislop, as the PA system was announcing injury time. They went on to win in a penalty shoot-out.
On February 6, 2007, the club's lengthy search for investment came to an end when American businessmen George Gillett and Tom Hicks became the owners of Liverpool F.C. in a deal worth £470 million.[27] Liverpool finished the season in third place in the Premiership for the second consecutive season. Benitez did guide Liverpool to the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League final on May 23, after Pepe Reina made two saves in the penalty kick shootout in the semi-final against Chelsea F.C.[28] Facing AC Milan once again in the final, Liverpool lost 2-1.
Real Madrid History
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Real Madrid Club de Fútbol is a Spanish sports club most widely known for its professional football team based in Madrid. It is one of the most successful clubs of the 20th century and also holds several records. The club also has a similarly successful basketball section. The original uniform colors are white t-shirt and shorts, and blue socks. The purple band in the badge represents the kingdom of Castile.
The club's revenue is US$ 466 million.
The club was one of the founding members of FIFA.[1] They play their home games at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. Real Madrid have been European Champions a record 9 times and have also won 30 La Liga titles. The club also operates a reserve football team, Real Madrid Castilla, and a successful basketball team, Real Madrid Baloncesto and are trying to sponsor a rugby team, CRC Madrid Noroeste and a Formula One team. Real Madrid is unique in that, unlike most football clubs, it has been owned and operated only by its members (socios) since 1902. On December 23, 2000, FIFA awarded Real Madrid as the Best Club of the twentieth Century. On 17th June 2007, Real Madrid won its 30th La Liga title by beating Mallorca at home 3-1. They finished level on points with fierce rivals Barcelona, but were declared winners on better head-to-head record.
Throughout its history, the club has acquired a lot of nicknames. The first ones were los merengues, because of the white dessert meringue, and los blancos. Both simply referred to the club's legendary all-white strip and remain the most common to this day. In the 1970s, the nickname los vikingos became popular, due to the signings of several northern European players. Most recently, the media called the club los galácticos, referring to club's tendency to sign the most famous players in the world.
Real Madrid is currently the richest club in the world with an estimated revenue of €292.2 million. [2] [3]
FC Barcelona History
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HISTORY OF FC BARCELONA
On November 29, 1899, Hans Gamper founded Futbol Club Barcelona, along with eleven other enthusiasts of 'foot-ball', a game that was still largely unknown in this part of the world.
He could never have imagined the magnitude of what that initiative would eventually develop into. Over more than one hundred years of history, FC Barcelona has grown spectacularly in every area and has progressed into something much greater than a mere sports club, turning Barça’s ‘more than a club’ slogan into a reality.
Barça has become, for millions of people all around the world, a symbol of their identity, and not just in a sporting sense, but also in terms of society, politics and culture. Throughout the most difficult of times, Barça was the standard that represented Catalonia and the Catalan people's desire for freedom, a symbolism that has continued to be closely linked to the idiosyncrasy of the Club and its members to this day. Within the context of Spain, Barça is seen as an open and democratic club. And all around the world, Barça is identified with caring causes, and most especially children through its sponsorship agreement with Unicef.
For a whole century, FC Barcelona has passed through moments of glory and pain, periods of brilliance and other less successful ones, epic victories and humbling defeats. But all these different moments have helped define the personality of a Club that, due to its peculiar nature, is considered unique in the world.
With over one hundred years of history, there have naturally been many different periods, both in a social and a sporting sense. In the early years (1899-1922) , from the foundation of the club to the construction of Les Corts stadium, Barça was a club that had to distinguish itself from all the other football teams in Barcelona, to the point that it would come to be identified with the city as a whole. Barça soon became the leading club in Catalonia, and also associated itself with the increasingly growing sense of Catalan national identity.
From Les Corts to the Camp Nou (1922-1957), the club went through contrasting periods. Its membership reached 10,000 for the first time, while football developed into a mass phenomenon and turned professional, and these were the years of such legendary figures as Alcántara and Samitier. But due to material difficulties and the political troubles of the Spanish Civil War and post-war period, the club was forced to overcome several adverse circumstances, including the assassination of president Josep Sunyol in 1936, the very person who had propagated the slogan ‘sport and citizenship'. But the club survived, and a period of social and sporting recovery materialised in the form of the Camp Nou, coinciding with the arrival of the hugely influential Ladislau Kubala.
From the construction of the Camp Nou to the 75th anniversary (1957-1974) , Barça suffered mediocre results but was consolidated as an entity, with a constantly increasing membership and the slow but steady recovery, in the face of adversity, of its identity. A very clear sensation that was manifested for the first time ever in the words ‘Barça, more than a club’ proclaimed by president Narcís de Carreras. The board presided by Agustí Montal brought a player to Barcelona who would change the history of the club, Johan Cruyff.
From the 7th anniversary to the European Cup (1974-1992) the club saw the conversion of football clubs to democracy, the start of Josep Lluís Núñez’s long presidency, the extension of the Camp Nou on occasion of the 1982 World Cup and the Cup Winners Cup triumph in Basle (1979), a major success not just in a sporting sense but also in a social one, with an enormous and exemplary expedition of Barça supporters demonstrating to Europe the unity of the Barcelona and Catalan flags. Cruyff returned, this time as coach, and created what would come to be known as the 'Dream Team' (1990-1994), whose crowning glory was the conquest of the European Cup at Wembley (1992), thanks to Koeman’s famous goal.
From Wembley to Paris (1992-2006) was when the club’s most recent developments occurred in between its two greatest achievements, becoming champions of Europe. Josep Lluís Núñez’s long presidency came to and end, and the club displayed its finest potential during the celebrations of the club Centenary. Following on from Joan Gaspart (2000-2003), the June 2003 election brought Joan Laporta into office, and the start of new social expansion, reaching 150,000 members, and more successes on the pitch, including two league titles and the Champions League won in Paris.
The grandeur of Futbol Club Barcelona is explained, among many other factors, by its impressive honours list. Very few clubs anywhere in the world have won so many titles. The Intercontinental Cup is the only major football trophy that has never made its way into the club museum, where the club's greatest pride and joy remain the two European Cups won at Wembley (1992) and in Paris (2006).
These were Barça's finest hours on the continental stage, but the Club also has the honour of being the only one to have appeared in every single edition of European club competition since the tournaments were first created back in 1955. Barcelona's many achievements in Europe include being considered 'King of the Cup Winners Cup', having won that title a record four times.
In addition, FC Barcelona also won three Fairs Cups (the tournament now known as the UEFA Cup) in 1958, 1960 and 1966. In 1971, Barça won that trophy outright in a match played between themselves, as the first ever winners of the competition, and Leeds United, as the last. But Barça not only rules in Europe, but also in Spanish competitions, specifically in the national cup, the Copa del Rey, which they have won 24 times, more than any other club.
The Spanish League has traditionally been one of the competitions Barcelona has found the hardest to win, but especially thanks to some wonderful seasons in the 1990s, a decade when six championships were won, and two more championships in the last two years, Fútbol Club Barcelona has now won 18 Spanish League titles.
